BackQuant Glossary
Max Pain
The strike price at which option buyers collectively lose the most at expiry, or equivalently, where total intrinsic-value payouts are minimized. In positive-gamma regimes, dealer hedging pulls price toward max pain into expiry. The pin window is typically the last few hours before settlement.
Related terms
Dealer Hedging
The act of buying or selling the underlying to offset directional exposure created by an options book. Dealers stay delta-neutral by trading spot or perpetuals as price moves. Dealer hedging is the mechanical force behind gamma exposure effects, pinning, and OpEx flows.
Expiry
The date and time at which an options contract settles. After expiry, an option pays out its intrinsic value or expires worthless. Crypto options on Deribit expire Fridays at 08:00 UTC.
Gamma
A second-order Greek measuring how much delta changes per one-dollar move in the underlying. Gamma is highest for at-the-money options near expiry. Long option positions are always long gamma; short options are short gamma. Gamma is the input to gamma exposure.
Regime
The character of price action over a period: trending or ranging, high-vol or low-vol, positive or negative gamma. Regime classification is the single most important input to strategy selection. A signal that works in one regime often fails in another.
Settlement
The expiry-time process by which an option pays out its final intrinsic value. On Deribit, settlement occurs at 08:00 UTC using a half-hour time-weighted average of the index price. Settlement is the moment dealer hedging flows release.
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